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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(2): 311-319, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1248952

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of conception, metabolic, and structural conditions of cryopreserved bovine sperm cells, plus extender with IGF-1 and glutathione (GSH). 12 ejaculations of Nelore bulls were used, submitted to treatments: control, gSH (2mM/mL), IGF-1 (100ng/mL) and gSH (1mM/mL) + IGF-1 (50ng/mL). After cryopreservation and thawing the semen passed the fast thermo resistance test (TTR), plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity (PIAI), mitochondrial membrane potential (AP), oxidative stress, and conception rate. Tukey test was used for the statistical analysis of the parametric variables and the Friedman test for nonparametric. The gestation percentage was compared by the Chi-square test. There was no statistical difference (P<0.05) between treatments for the TTRr variable. Otherwise in the oxidative stress evaluated with the CellROX probe was noted that the IGF-1 showed the highest number of reactive cells (P<0.05). The PIAI, AP and gestation rate showed no difference among treatments (P>0.05), with an average of conceptions of 36.58%. It is concluded that IGF-1, gSH and their association did not cause changes in sperm motility, mitochondrial potential, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. IGF-1 increased oxidative stress, however, there was no difference in the gestation rate among the treatments.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar a taxa de concepção, as condições metabólicas e estrutural das células espermáticas bovinas criopreservadas, acrescidas de diluidores com fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina do tipo 1(IGF-1) e glutationa (GSH). Foram utilizados 12 ejaculados de touros da raça Nelore, submetidos aos tratamentos: controle, gSH (2mM/mL), IGF-1 (100ng/mL) e gSH (1mM/mL) + IGF-1 (50ng/mL). Após a criopreservação e descongelação, o sêmen passou pelos testes de termorresistência rápida (TTRr), integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal (PIAI), alto potencial mitocondrial (AP), estresse oxidativo e taxa de concepção. Utilizou-se o teste de Tukey para as análises estatísticas das variáveis paramétricas e o teste de Friedman para as não paramétricas, com significância de 5%. A percentagem de gestação foi comparada pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Não hove diferença estatística (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos para a variável TTRr. Já no estresse oxidativo avaliado com a sonda CellROX, observou-se que o IGF-1 apresentou maior quantidade de células reativas (P<0,05), 36,38± 24,10. A PIAI, o AP e a taxa de gestação não apresentaram diferença entre tratamentos (P>0,05), com média de concepções de 36,58%. Conclui-se que o IGF-1, a gSH e a sua associação não causaram mudanças na motilidade espermática, no potencial mitocondrial, na integridade da membrana plasmática e acrossomal. O IGF-1 aumentou o estresse oxidativo, porém sem diferença na taxa de gestação entre os tratamentos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Semen Preservation/methods , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Glutathione , Antioxidants/therapeutic use
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(3): 664-672, May-June, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1128613

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar a condição metabólica e estrutural das células espermáticas bovinas após congelação, com adição prévia de IGF-I e insulina no meio diluidor seminal. Os ejaculados de seis touros Nelore foram submetidos a quatro tratamentos: controle; insulina (100µUI/mL); IGF-I (150ng/mL) e insulina + IGF-I (50µUI/mL e 75ng/mL, respectivamente). Após a congelação, realizaram-se os testes de termorresistência rápida, coloração pelo corante azul de tripan e Giemsa, além da análise computadorizada da motilidade espermática, da integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, e da peça intermediária por meio de sondas fluorescentes. O teste de termorresistência rápida apresentou efeito dentro do tempo de cada tratamento, mas não entre os tratamentos. Na análise computadorizada da motilidade espermática, foram observados movimento, motilidade e velocidade espermáticos; não houve efeitos dos tratamentos sobre qualquer uma dessas variáveis. Respostas iguais foram obtidas com as sondas fluorescentes e o corante azul de tripan/Giemsa. A adição de insulina e IGF-I, de forma isolada ou combinada, ao meio diluidor para congelação de sêmen não produziu efeitos sobre as condições metabólica e estrutural das células espermáticas.(AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the metabolic and structural condition of the spermatic bovine cells after the freezing, with addition, previously, of IGF-I and Insulin in the seminal thinner medium. The semen of 6 Nellore bulls were submitted to four treatments: Control, Insulin (100µUI/mL); IGF-I (150ng/mL) and Insulin + IGF-I (50µUI/mL and 75ng/mL, respectively). After freezing, rapid resistance tests, Tripan and Giemsa Blue staining, and computerized analysis of sperm motility and integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes and the intermediate part were performed by fluorescent probes. The term rapid resistance test had effect within the time of each treatment, but not between treatments. In the computer analysis of sperm motility, sperm movement, motility and velocity no effects of treatments were observed on any of these variables. The same results were obtained with the fluorescent probes and the Blue dye Trypan / Giemsa. The addition of Insulin and IGF-I, alone or in combination, to the semen freezing dilution medium had no effect on the metabolic and structural condition of sperm cells.(AU)


Subject(s)
Semen/metabolism , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/administration & dosage , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Insulin/administration & dosage , Cattle , Indicators and Reagents
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(1): 9-17, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1088933

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of vitamin C, reduced glutathione and the association thereof to the bovine semen cryopreservation extender. The ejaculate from nine bulls were divided into four fractions, each corresponding to a treatment, namely: control group-semen diluted with Tris-yolk extender; vitamin C group-semen diluted in Tris-yolk extender supplemented with vitamin C (2.5mmol/mL); glutathione group-semen diluted in Tris-yolk extender supplemented with reduced glutathione (2.5mmol/mL) and associated group-semen diluted in Tris-yolk extender supplemented with vitamin C (1.25mmol/mL) and reduced glutathione (1.25mmol/mL). Afterwards, the semen was packed into French straws and submitted to cryopreservation using automated equipment. After cryopreservation, the semen was thawed and evaluated considering sperm motility, morphology, plasma membrane, acrosome, mitochondrial potential and oxidative stress, as well as the thermo resistance test. Extender's supplementation with the association of vitamin C and reduced glutathione showed benefic effects on sperm motility and preservation of plasma and acrosomal membranes during semen cryopreservation, being also the group that showed higher values of reactive oxygen species. Thus, the association of both antioxidants contributed to the preservation of sperm cells in every analyzed characteristic, suggesting its use on bovine semen cryopreservation.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adição de vitamina C, glutationa reduzida e sua associação ao diluidor de criopreservação de sêmen bovino. O ejaculado de nove touros foi dividido em quatro frações, cada uma correspondendo a um tratamento, a saber: grupo controle - sêmen diluído em Tris-gema; grupo vitamina C - sêmen diluído em Tris-gema, suplementado com vitamina C (2,5mmol/mL); grupo glutationa - sêmen diluído em Tris-gema, suplementado com glutationa reduzida (2,5mmol/mL) e grupo sêmen associado - diluído em Tris-gema, suplementado com vitamina C (1,25mmol/mL) e glutationa reduzida (1,25mmol/mL ). Posteriormente, o sêmen foi envasado em palhetas francesas e submetido à criopreservação por meio de equipamento automatizado. Após a criopreservação, o sêmen foi descongelado e avaliado quanto à motilidade espermática, à morfologia, à membrana plasmática, ao acrossoma, ao potencial mitocondrial e ao estresse oxidativo, bem como pelo teste de resistência térmica. A suplementação de extensor com a associação de vitamina C e glutationa reduzida mostrou efeitos benéficos sobre a motilidade espermática e a preservação das membranas plasmática e acrossomal durante a criopreservação de sêmen, sendo também o grupo que apresentou maiores valores de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Assim, a associação de ambos os antioxidantes contribuiu para a preservação dos espermatozóides em todas as características analisadas, sugerindo sua utilização na criopreservação de sêmen bovino.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Cattle , Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Reactive Oxygen Species , Oxidative Stress , Glutathione
4.
Hig. aliment ; 31(268/269): 73-77, 30/06/2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846452

ABSTRACT

A casca do abacaxi é um resíduo da agroindústria que pode auxiliar na dieta humana de forma complementar, permitindo sua utilização em alimentos de baixo valor nutricional. Percebendo que a casca do abacaxi é desprezada pelas indústrias de alimentos e devido à grande preocupação global atual de se minimizar os resíduos buscando uma melhoria do meio ambiente e de geração de lucros para empresas, neste estudo teve-se por objetivo avaliar os micro-organismos existentes na casca do abacaxi, antes e após a higienização e sanitização para o preparo de sucos e chás. Na higienização foi utilizada água corrente e na sanitização solução clorada a 200 ppm. Com os dados obtidos concluiu-se que os cuidados com a higienização adequada da casca são importantes, que a lavagem somente com água não é eficaz para a eliminação total dos micro-organismos presentes na casca do abacaxi, já a higienização com solução clorada é amplamente recomendada para retardar ou eliminar o crescimento microbiano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tea , Food Contamination/analysis , Ananas/microbiology , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Food Microbiology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Food Samples , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Disinfection/methods , Coliforms
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 69(1): 191-197, jan.-fev. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-836684

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de 0,5% da zeólita natural clinoptilolita na dieta de frangos de corte sobre o consumo de água, ração e características das excretas. Foi conduzido um ensaio em gaiolas metabólicas, com frangos de corte de linhagem comercial, no período de 14 a 23 dias de idade. O experimento foi constituído de dois grupos de aves, sendo que um recebeu dieta sem inclusão de zeólitas (controle) e outro dieta com inclusão de 0,5% de zeólita (clinoptilolita) em rações isonutritivas, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 10 repetições de 10 aves. Avaliou-se o consumo de água e de ração, nas excretas, pH, teor de nitrogênio total e umidade. A inclusão de 0,5% de zeólitas naturais na dieta não alterou (P>0,05) o consumo de água e de ração e o teor de nitrogênio das excretas, entretanto, reduziu (P<0,05) o pH e a umidade das excretas. Conclui-se que a inclusão de 0,5% de zeólitas naturais na dieta de frangos de corte reduz o pH e a umidade das excretas e pode ser utilizada como aditivo alimentar sem prejudicar o consumo de água e de ração.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of 0.5% natural zeolites (clinoptilolite) to the diet of broilers and their effect on water and feed intake and excreta characteristics. The test was carried out in metabolic cages, with commercial line broilers, in the period from 14 to 23 days old. The experiment was conducted with two groups of broilers: one group received diet without zeolite inclusion (control) and the other received a diet with 0.5% inclusion of zeolite (clinoptilolite) in balanced diets, in a completely randomized design, with 10 replicates of 10 broilers. Water and feed intake, pH, total nitrogen, and moisture of excreta were evaluated. The inclusion of 0.5% of natural zeolites in the diet did not change (P>0.05) the water and feed intake and total nitrogen of excreta, nevertheless, it decreased (P<0.05) the pH and moisture of excreta. We conclude that the addition of 0.5% natural zeolites to the diet of broilers decreases pH and moisture of excreta and can be used as feed additive without compromising water and feed intake.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Zeolites/analysis , Ammonia/analysis , Nitrogen/analysis
6.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 50(12): 6327, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-888973

ABSTRACT

Heart failure is characterized by the inability of the cardiovascular system to maintain oxygen (O2) delivery (i.e., muscle blood flow in non-hypoxemic patients) to meet O2 demands. The resulting increase in fractional O2 extraction can be non-invasively tracked by deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (deoxi-Hb) as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We aimed to establish a simplified approach to extract deoxi-Hb-based indices of impaired muscle O2 delivery during rapidly-incrementing exercise in heart failure. We continuously probed the right vastus lateralis muscle with continuous-wave NIRS during a ramp-incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test in 10 patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <35%) and 10 age-matched healthy males. Deoxi-Hb is reported as % of total response (onset to peak exercise) in relation to work rate. Patients showed lower maximum exercise capacity and O2 uptake-work rate than controls (P<0.05). The deoxi-Hb response profile as a function of work rate was S-shaped in all subjects, i.e., it presented three distinct phases. Increased muscle deoxygenation in patients compared to controls was demonstrated by: i) a steeper mid-exercise deoxi-Hb-work rate slope (2.2±1.3 vs 1.0±0.3% peak/W, respectively; P<0.05), and ii) late-exercise increase in deoxi-Hb, which contrasted with stable or decreasing deoxi-Hb in all controls. Steeper deoxi-Hb-work rate slope was associated with lower peak work rate in patients (r=-0.73; P=0.01). This simplified approach to deoxi-Hb interpretation might prove useful in clinical settings to quantify impairments in O2 delivery by NIRS during ramp-incremental exercise in individual heart failure patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Hemoglobins/analysis , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Leg/blood supply , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , Exercise Test , Heart Failure/metabolism , Leg/physiopathology
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(6): 1690-1696, nov.-dez. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827938

ABSTRACT

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of chlorine in drinking water of laying hens on zootechnical performance, eggs shell quality, hemogasometry levels and calcium content in tibia. 144 Hy-Line laying hens, 61 weeks old, were used distributed in 24 metabolism cages. They were subjected to water diets, for a period of 28 days, using sodium hypochlorite as a chlorine source in order to obtain the following concentrations: 5ppm (control), 20ppm, 50ppm, and 100ppm. Their performance was evaluated through water consumption, feed intake, egg production and weight, egg mass, feed conversion. Shell quality was measured by specific gravity. At the end of the experiment, arterial blood was collected for blood gas level assessment and a poultry of each replicate was sacrificed to obtain tibia and calcium content measurement. There was a water consumption reduction from 20ppm of chlorine and feed intake reduction in poultry receiving water with 100ppm of chlorine. The regression analysis showed that the higher the level of chlorine in water, the higher the reduction in consumption. There were no differences in egg production and weight, egg mass, feed conversion, specific gravity, tibia calcium content, and hemogasometry levels (hydrogenionic potential, carbon dioxide partial pressure, oxygen partial pressure, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide total concentration, anion gap and oxygen saturation). The use of levels above 5ppm of chlorine is not recommended in the water of lightweight laying hens.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de cloro na água de dessedentação de poedeiras sobre o desempenho zootécnico, a qualidade da casca dos ovos, os índices hemogasométricos e o teor de cálcio na tíbia. Foram utilizadas 144 poedeiras leves Hy Line, de 61 semanas de idade, distribuídas em 24 gaiolas de metabolismo. As aves foram submetidas, durante um período de 28 dias, a dietas hídricas utilizando-se hipoclorito de sódio como fonte de cloro para compor as seguintes concentrações: 5ppm (controle), 20ppm, 50ppm e 100ppm. O desempenho foi avaliado mediante o consumo de água e ração, a produção e o peso dos ovos, a massa de ovos e a conversão alimentar. A qualidade da casca foi aferida por meio da gravidade específica. Ao final do experimento, coletou-se sangue arterial para avaliação dos índices hemogasométricos e sacrificou-se uma ave de cada repetição para coleta de tíbias e aferição do teor de cálcio. Verificou-se redução do consumo de água a partir de 20ppm de cloro e no consumo de ração em aves que receberam água com 100ppm de cloro. A análise de regressão demonstrou que quanto maior for o nível de cloro na água, maior será a redução no consumo. Não foram observadas diferenças na produção e no peso dos ovos, na massa de ovos, na conversão alimentar, na gravidade específica dos ovos, no teor de cálcio nas tíbias e nos índices hemogasométricos (potencial hidrogeniônico, pressão parcial de gás carbônico, pressão parcial de oxigênio, sódio, potássio, cloro, bicarbonato, concentração total de dióxido de carbono, ânion gap e saturação de oxigênio). Não se recomenda a utilização de níveis superiores a 5ppm de cloro na água de dessedentação de poedeiras leves.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Chlorine/administration & dosage , Egg Shell , Eggs/analysis , Blood Gas Analysis/veterinary , Drinking
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(6): 1941-1945, 12/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-735786

ABSTRACT

In this work, 25,806 potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci (PAL) were identified in pejerrey, (Odontesthes humensis), with 21% of dinucleotide, 22% trinucleotide, 37% tetranucleotide, 13% pentanucleotide and 7% hexanucleotide. Of the total loci, 167 were classified as "Best PAL", more likely to be variables in populations. The results show that with a small coverage of the genome it was possible to identify a large number of microsatellite loci...


Subject(s)
Animals , Genome/genetics , Genetic Loci/genetics , Fishes/genetics , Aquaculture , Genetic Enhancement , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(1): 85-92, fev. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-704010

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovelhas deslanadas em função do manejo alimentar das crias e idade de desmame, além de mensurar o efeito do sexo no ganho de peso de cordeiros. Sessenta e quatro ovelhas mestiças da raça Santa Inês foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 x 2 - quatro idades de desmame (56, 70, 84 e 98 dias), sexo e manejo alimentar das crias, cada tratamento com quatro repetições. As ovelhas foram manejadas com a cria ao pé, em 14 piquetes de 1,5 ou 2,0 hectares, formados com pastagem de Brachiaria humidícola. As crias nascidas de partos simples, filhos de reprodutores Santa Inês puros de origem (PO). Após o desmame de todos os grupos, sessenta e quatro cordeiros (32 machos e 32 fêmeas) foram distribuídos ao acaso em baias individuais e confinados por 30 dias. A comparação dos parâmetros foi realizada pelo ajuste do modelo de regressão linear simples. Verificou-se vício de tempo longo do manejo alimentar das crias de + 3,7% (P<0,05) para o intervalo entre partos e de + 1,4% (P<0,05) para o período de serviço. Houve efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) da idade de desmame sobre o intervalo entre partos e período de serviço. Verificou-se vício de tempo longo do sexo das crias de + 2,0% (P<0,05) para o intervalo entre partos e de + 0,8% (P<0,05) para o período de serviço das ovelhas. Constatou-se vício de tempo longo do sexo de + 35,2% e + 36,9% (P<0,05), respectivamente, para o ganho de peso diário de cordeiros do nascimento ao desmame e pós desmame em confinamento. A suplementação das crias em alimentador privativo e a antecipação da idade de desmame reduzem o intervalo entre partos e período de serviço de ovelhas deslanadas em pastagem de Brachiaria humidícula. O sexo da cria é fonte de variação na análise da eficiência reprodutiva de matrizes ovinas e no ganho de peso de cordeiros mestiços da raça Santa Inês do nascimento ao desmame e após o desmame.


The purpose was to evaluate the reproductive performance of woolless ewes due to the feeding management of offsprings and weaning age in addition to measuring the effect of gender on weight gain of lambs. Sixty-four Santa Inês crossbred ewes were distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial 4 x 2 x 2 - four weaning ages (56, 70, 84 and 98 days), sex and feeding management of the offspring, each treatment with four replications. The ewes were managed with the offsprings at the foot in 14 paddocks of 1,5 or 2,0 hectares, formed with Brachiaria humidícola. The offsprings were born by single birth, of Santa Inês pure of origin (PO). After the weaning of all groups, sixty-four lambs (32 males and 32 females) were randomly assigned in individual stalls and confined for 30 days. The comparison of the parameters was carried out by the adjustment of the simple linear regression model. It was verified over time addiction of the offspring feed management of + 3,7% (P<0,05) for the calving intervals and of + 1,4% (P<0,05) for the service period. There was increasing linear effect (P<0,05) of weaning age on calving intervals and service period. It was verified over time, addiction of the offspring sex of + 2,0% (P<0,05) for the calving intervals and + 0,8% (P<0,05) for the ewes service period. It was observed over time addiction of sex of + 35,2% and + 36,9% (P<0,05), respectively, for the daily weight gain of lambs from birth to weaning and post-weaning in feedlot. The supplementation of the offspring in private feeder and the anticipation of the weaning age reduce the calving intervals and the service period of woolless ewes in Brachiaria humidicula pasture. The offspring sex is the source of variation in the analysis of reproductive efficiency of ewe's mat rices and in the weight gain of Santa Inês crossbred lambs from birth to weaning, and after weaning.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Body Constitution , Brachiaria , Sexual Development/physiology , Animal Feed , Sheep/classification
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3): 593-606, jul.-set. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722281

ABSTRACT

Estima-se que aproximadamente 25% das drogas prescritas em todo o mundo são oriundas de espécies vegetais. Dentre as plantas com alto potencial medicinal, se destaca o Hypericum perforatum L. (HP), planta herbácea perene, pertencente à família Hypericaceae. Extratos orgânicos e aquosos de HP têm sido utilizados na medicina popular e em testes pré-clínicos para o tratamento e prevenção de diversas doenças através de efeitos nefroprotetores, atividades antioxidante, antifúngica, ansiolítica, antiviral e cicatrizante. Estudos clínicos indicaram que esta espécie pode ser útil no tratamento de desordens originadas do sistema nervoso central, especialmente na depressão unipolar. HP contém, ao menos, dez classes de compostos biologicamente ativos, dentre eles antraquinonas/naftodiantronas, derivados de floroglucinol, flavonoides, biflavonas, xantonas, óleos voláteis, aminoácidos, vitamina C, cumarinas, taninos e carotenoides. Ao mesmo tempo em que os constituintes possuem relevantes efeitos farmacológicos, os mesmos podem prejudicar, por antagonismo farmacocinético (interação com algumas enzimas do citocromo), a eficácia de outros fármacos. Devido a relevante importância do HP como agente terapêutico, ressalta-se a importância do desenvolvimento de novos estudos com o intuito de elucidar questões ainda controversas acerca do extrato de HP, e.g., dose, melhor horário para colheita, padronização dos extratos, e possíveis efeitos tóxicos, podendo assim, definir claramente os riscos e benefícios da utilização desta planta.


It is estimated that approximately 25% of prescribed drugs are derived from plant species. Among the plants with high medicinal potential, it highlights the Hypericum perforatum L. (HP), perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Hypericaceae. Organic and aqueous extracts of HP have been used in folk medicine and in pre-clinical testing for the treatment and prevention of several diseases through effects nefroprotetores, antioxidant, antifungal, anxiolytic, wound healing and antiviral activities. Clinical studies indicated that this specie can be useful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders, especially to unipolar depression. HP contains at least ten classes of biologically active compounds, including anthraquinones/naftodiantronas, phloroglucinol derivatives, flavonoids, biflavones, xanthones, volatile oils, amino acids, vitamin C, coumarins, carotenoids and tannins. At the same time that the secondary metabolites have important pharmacological effects, they can impair the effectiveness of other drugs by pharmacokinetic antagonism.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Hypericum/metabolism , Botany , Plant Extracts/analysis , Depression/prevention & control , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology
11.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 80(2): 145-149, 20130000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-788837

ABSTRACT

Collibacillosis is considered one of the major diseases of the modern poultry industry, due to the significant losses it causes. Escherichia coli contributes not only to the disease itself, by causing weight loss of the birds, but also to the increase in carcasses condemnation during slaughter and processing. Detection of virulence factors in E. coli strains of the APEC pathotype contributes to the characterization and pathogenicity of this agent. PCR techniques have been very helpful in the search for genes that encode those virulence factors. This study aimed to detect the gene Fel A of E. coli by PCR and relate its positivity to low weight in broiler flocks with airsacculitis as diagnosed by the health inspection service. The study involved 40 flocks of broilers slaughtered in a single poultry slaughterhouse, under Federal Sanitary Inspection, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three broilers were randomly selected to obtain one "pool" of three tracheas for each PCR. DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform and amplified using a pair of primers specific to gene Fel A of E. coli. Of the 40 flocks analyzed by PCR, 35% (14/40) were positive for the gene Fel A. PCR was an effective technique for the detection of gene Fel A in broiler flocks. There was a relationship between the presence of the gene Fel A, weight loss, and increase of the airsacculitis rate...


A colibacilose é considerada uma das principais doenças da indústria avícola moderna, devido aos grandes prejuízos econômicos causados. A Escherichia coli contribui não só para a doença em si, levando à perda de peso das aves, bem como para o aumento da taxa condenação de carcaças durante o abate e processamento. A detecção de fatores de virulência de cepas de E. coli do patotipo APEC colabora para a caracterização de sua patogenicidade e as técnicas de PCR têm sido muito úteis na pesquisa de genes que os codificam. Este estudo objetivou diagnosticar E. coli pela detecção o gene Fel A por PCR e relacionar a positividade para este agente com o baixo peso em frangos de corte provenientes de lotes condenados por aerossaculite. Foram estudados 40 lotes de frangos de corte abatidos em um matadouro avícola sob Inspeção Sanitária Federal, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram colhidos aleatoriamente 3 frangos e obtidos "pools" de três traqueias em cada um deles para PCR. O DNA foi extraído pelo método de fenol-clorofórmio e amplificado com pares de "primers" específicos para gene Fel A de E. coli. Dos 40 lotes analisados pela PCR, 35% (14/40) foram positivos para o gene Fel A. A PCR foi eficaz para a detecção do gene Fel A em lotes de frangos de corte e houve relação entre a presença do gene Fel A, a queda de peso e aumento na taxa de aerossaculite...


Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Escherichia coli , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Poultry Products
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(9): 827-833, Sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646327

ABSTRACT

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill patients. Diuretics are used without any evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect on renal function. The objective of the present study is to determine the incidence of AKI in an intensive care unit (ICU) and if there is an association between the use of furosemide and the development of AKI. The study involved a hospital cohort in which 344 patients were consecutively enrolled from January 2010 to January 2011. A total of 132 patients (75 females and 57 males, average age 64 years) remained for analysis. Most exclusions were related to ICU discharge in the first 24 h. Laboratory, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected until the development of AKI, medical discharge or patient death. The incidence of AKI was 55% (95%CI = 46-64). The predictors of AKI found by univariate analysis were septic shock: OR = 3.12, 95%CI = 1.36-7.14; use of furosemide: OR = 3.27, 95%CI = 1.57-6.80, and age: OR = 1.02 (95%CI = 1.00-1.04). Analysis of the subgroup of patients with septic shock showed that the odds ratio of furosemide was 5.5 (95%CI = 1.16-26.02) for development of AKI. Age, use of furosemide, and septic shock were predictors of AKI in critically ill patients. Use of furosemide in the subgroup of patients with sepsis/septic shock increased (68.4%) the chance of development of AKI when compared to the sample as a whole (43.9%).


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Diuretics/adverse effects , Furosemide/adverse effects , Shock, Septic/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Critical Illness , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Prognosis , Risk Factors
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(5): 1263-1267, out. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-605859

ABSTRACT

Foram identificadas a divergência e a variabilidade genética, por meio do polimorfismo de seis marcadores microssatélites, de duas populações de Odontesthes bonariensis, utilizadas em manejos de cultivo e com potencial para fornecimento de reprodutores para programas de melhoramento genético. Do total de seis loci, cinco demonstraram eficiência para análise genética nas duas populações de O. bonariensis. A diferenciação genética significante nas populações analisadas pode fornecer a base para futuros programas de melhoramentos genéticos, através da combinação de material das populações divergentes para o desenvolvimento de linhagens ou execução de um programa de seleção.


Subject(s)
Animals , Genetic Enhancement , Genetic Variation , Microsatellite Repeats , Fishes/growth & development , Fishes/genetics , Adaptation, Biological , Genome
14.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 59(3): 182-189, 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-564943

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Identificar os principais estressores ambientais, conforme a percepção de familiares de pacientes internados em uma UTI-G de adultos de um hospital público universitário. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal descritivo com familiares de pacientes gravemente enfermos internados na UTI de um hospital escola. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma escala contendo 25 itens relacionados a eventos da referida UTI. Para análise dos resultados, as respostas foram classificadas como estressores ambientais, referentes à equipe, ao paciente e à visita. RESULTADOS: Participaram 53 familiares, 67,9 por cento mulheres, com média de idade de 39,7 anos. Os fatores relacionados ao paciente foram mais estressantes do que aqueles referentes à equipe e ao ambiente (p < 0,005). Os eventos mais estressantes para os familiares estiveram relacionados à insegurança e ao medo quanto ao estado clínico do paciente, dentre esses, o motivo e o tempo de internação e ver o paciente em coma. CONCLUSÃO: A internação de um parente próximo na UTI foi considerada pelos familiares que efetivamente participaram desse processo um evento estressante. Todos os participantes indicaram pelo menos um evento causador de estresse capaz de provocar diferentes reações emocionais. Conhecer tais eventos pode facilitar as estratégias de humanização hospitalar, propiciando alternativas para reduzir os níveis de estresse e alterações psiquiátricas subsequentes.


OBJECTIVE:To identify main environment stressors according to the perception of relatives of patients hospitalized in an adult ICU in a university public hospital. METHOD: It is a transversal descriptive study involving family members of critically ill patients hospitalized in an ICU of a school hospital. To collect data we used a 25-item scale related to the referred ICU. For result analysis, answers were classified as environmental stressors concerning the team, patients, and visits. RESULTS: There were 53 family-member participants where 67.9 percent were women averaging 39.7 years of age. Factors related to patients were more stressing than those concerning the hospital team and the environment (p < 0.005). The most stressed events for the family members were related to uncertainty and fear of the clinical state of the patient, among them reason and length of hospital stay, and witness the patients in a coma. CONCLUSION: Hospital ICU stay of a relative was considered by the close to kin, who actually participated in the process, a stressful event. All participants indicated at least one event that causes stress as capable of provoking diverse emotional reactions. Knowing such events can favor hospital humanization strategies thus providing alternatives to reduce stress levels and subsequent psychiatrical disorder.

15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(1): 70-74, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511073

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever a frequência de prescrição de quelantes de fósforo (QF) e calcitriol em pacientes sob hemodiálise (HD) crônica em Salvador, Brasil, e avaliar se o tratamento está de acordo com recomendações do Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). MÉTODOS: Corte transversal de dados da linha de base do Estudo Prospectivo do Prognóstico de Pacientes Tratados Cronicamente por Hemodiálise (PROHEMO). Foi realizada descrição da frequência de prescrição de QF e calcitriol conforme as concentrações de indicadores laboratoriais do metabolismo mineral, comparando com recomendações do K/DOQI. RESULTADOS: Sevelamer isoladamente (i.e., não combinado com outro QF) foi prescrito para 45,4 por cento dos pacientes, carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) isoladamente para 26,5 por cento, sevelamer combinado com CaCO3 para 2,1 por cento e acetato de cálcio para 5,2 por cento. Prescrição de QF foi observada para 53 por cento dos pacientes com fósforo <3,5 mg/dL e 40 por cento com fósforo <3,0 mg/dL. Em desacordo com K/DOQI, prescrição de calcitriol foi detectada para 19 por cento dos pacientes com PTH<150 pg/mL e ausência da prescrição para aproximadamente 35,4 por cento com PTH>300 pg/dL combinado com fósforo menor ou igual a 5,5 mg/dL, cálcio menor ou igual a 9,5 mg/dL e produto cálcio e fósforo (CaxP)<55 mg2/dL2. Neste último grupo, 38 por cento tiveram prescrição de sevelamer sem outro QF. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram um elevado percentual de prescrição de sevelamer em pacientes em HD de manutenção em uma cidade brasileira, apesar do alto custo deste medicamento e ausência de contraindicação para QF à base de cálcio. Os resultados em pacientes com PTH<150 pg/mL e com PTH>300 pg/mL combinado com determinadas concentrações de cálcio, fósforo e CaxP indicam também a necessidade de avaliar as práticas de uso de QF e calcitriol.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency of prescription of phosphate binders (PB) and calcitriol for patients on chronic hemodialysis in Salvador, Brazil, and to assess whether treatment is in agreement with recommendations of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). METHODS: Cross section of baseline data of the PROHEMO study. The frequency of prescription of PB and calcitriol according to laboratory indicators of mineral metabolism was compared with K/DOQI recommendations. RESULTS: Sevelamer alone (i.e., not combined with other PB) was prescribed for 45.4 percent of patients, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) alone for 26.5 percent, sevelamer combined with CaCO3 for 2.1 percent and calcium acetate for 5.2 percent. Prescription of PB was noted in 53 percent of the patients with phosphorus <3.5 mg/dL and 40 percent with phosphorus <3.0 mg/dL. In disagreement with K/DOQI, prescription of calcitriol was found in 19 percent of patients with PTH<150 pg/mL and prescription was absent for approximately 35.4 percent with PTH>300 pg/dL combined with phosphorus equal or less than 5.5 mg/dL, calcium equal or less than 9.5 mg/dL and calcium x phosphorus product (CaxP)<55 mg2/dL2. For this latter group 38 percent had a prescription of sevelamer without other phosphate binders. CONCLUSION: Results show a large percentage of prescriptions of sevelamer among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in a Brazilian city, despite the high cost of the medication and absence of contraindications for PB with calcium salts. Results in patients with PTH<150 pg/mL and with PTH>300 pg/mL combined with certain concentrations of calcium, phosphate and CaxP also indicate the need to evaluate practices for use of phosphate binders and calcitriol.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Calcitriol , Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy , Phosphates , Renal Dialysis , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Minerals/metabolism , Young Adult
16.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2007 Jan; 25(1): 4-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53859

ABSTRACT

Unrecognized cross-contamination has been known to occur in laboratories frequently, especially with sensitive recovery system like BACTEC 460 TB. In March 2001, we investigated a pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in three smear negative clinical specimens and would like to present our experience in this communication. METHODS: All suspected cases were confirmed by checking the drug susceptibility and DNA fingerprints using spoligotyping as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: On investigation, the most likely cause was found to be the use of common decontamination reagents and phosphate buffer. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid erroneous diagnosis, we have devised a dedicated decontamination procedure, which includes separate aliquoting of phosphate buffer and decontamination reagents per patient. Timely molecular analysis and appropriate changes to specimen processing have been identified as useful measures for limiting laboratory cross contamination.


Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , DNA Fingerprinting , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Genotype , Humans , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Retrospective Studies , Specimen Handling/methods
17.
Lima; Perú. Ministerio de Salud; 1; 2007. 36 p. ilus.(Serie Legislación y Sistema de Salud, 1).
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-650905

ABSTRACT

La presente publicación, forma parte de una serie que presenta una recopilación de la legislación y sistema de salud, en los países que forman parte del MERCOSUR, sean ellos estados asociados, para obtener los conocimientos necesarios que permitan ampliar las posibilidades de cooperación entre los pueblos para mejorar la calidad de la gestión y de atención en salud.


Subject(s)
Legislation as Topic , Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Services/trends , Pan American Health Organization , Peru
18.
Acta cir. bras ; 20(supl.1): 8-11, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-474180

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The emergence of multiple resistance to antimicrobials in Vibrio cholerae isolated in the state of Ceará, Brazil, alerted researchers in this area to the sensitivity to antimicrobials of strains isolated in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. METHODS: One hundred and four strains of V. cholerae of human origin, isolated by Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Dr. Almino Fernandes, were serologically typified and evaluated for in vitro sensitivity to eight antibiotics belonging to different groups (polymyxine, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, sulphazotrin, pefloxacine, erythromycine, ampicillin). The strains were collected from patients suspected of contracting choleric diarrhea in the year 1999, in Natal/RN/Brazil. RESULTS: From the sample total, 100 were identified as V. cholerae, serogroup O:1, biotype El Tor, with 99 (95.3%) belonging to serovar Ogawa and only 1 (0.9%) to serovar Inaba. The 4 remaining were characterized as non O:1 V. cholerae, with 3 (2.9%) biochemically identified as Heiberg type I and 1 (0.9%) as type II. All the V. cholerae serogroup O:1 strains were sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulphazotrin, pefloxacine, erythromycine and resistant to polymyxine. In relation to nitrofurantoin, only 1 was sensitive. Only 1 was resistant to ampicillin. The non O:1 V. cholerae strains were resistant to polymyxine. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed sensitivity in 100% of the V. cholerae serogroup O:1 strains to tetracycline, an elective drug in the treatment of cholera, and an absence of multiple resistant strains in our environment. An interesting finding was the frequency of serovar Ogawa in 1999, considering the greater incidence of serovar Inaba in other years of cholera outbreaks in RN.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cholera/microbiology , Polymyxins/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Vibrio cholerae O1/drug effects , Vibrio cholerae non-O1/drug effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Cholera/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Ampicillin Resistance/drug effects , Serotyping , Vibrio cholerae O1/classification , Vibrio cholerae O1/isolation & purification , Vibrio cholerae non-O1/classification , Vibrio cholerae non-O1/isolation & purification
19.
Indian J Med Microbiol ; 2004 Jul-Sep; 22(3): 166-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-53459

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to perform pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing of M.tuberculosis by enzymatic PZA assay and compare the results with radiometric BACTEC 460 TB system and LJ proportion method. One hundred and thirty clinical isolates of M.tuberculosis were included in the study. Of the 130 clinical isolates tested, five were resistant and 124 were sensitive by both methods thus giving overall sensitivity and specificity of 83.33% and 100% respectively. Concordance was found in 129 out of 130 strains tested by all three methods. Pyrazinamidase assay can be used as an alternative to BACTEC and LJ proportion method.

20.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 8(2): 133-139, Apr. 2004. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365406

ABSTRACT

In 1999, on the occasion of the application of the first vaccine dose during the state vaccination campaign against hepatitis B virus (HBV), 390 individuals from the town of Rio Branco, Acre, aged two or more years were selected for the determination of the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc IgG) were determined on this occasion and anti-HBs antibodies were also assessed 30 days after the third vaccine dose. At the time of vaccination, 39 percent of the individuals were still susceptible to HBV, while 61 percent presented serologic evidence of previous HBV contact or previous vaccination. The individuals with previous HBV contact were significantly older (p<0.001) than those without HBV markers. Of the 192 individuals who returned for reexamination, 30 days after the third dose, 158 (82.3 percent) had received three vaccine doses, and only 60 (31.2 percent) belonged to the group without HBV markers. In these individuals, the seroconversion rate after the third dose was 92 percent (55/60). In conclusion, we found considerable HBV in this population, indicating the need for pursuing the immunization programs. We also found high rates of vaccination coverage in the Western Brazilian Amazon region.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Hepatitis C , Biomarkers , Brazil , Pilot Projects , Seroepidemiologic Studies
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